EU Member States' Research and Development Activities in Reactor Safety

The report summarises the present status of R&D activities in the area of nuclear power plant safety in EU member states. The report identifies the most relevant R&D organisations, their main research focus area, key research infrastructure, and possible national research programmes. The focus is mainly on Gen II and Gen III safety, but main activities related to Gen IV reactors are also mentioned. The report serves as a quick reference, providing links to the websites of main R&D organisations. The report aims at supporting the gap analysis of JRC activities in the field of reactor safety.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

A Bayesian Framework for the Quantitative Modelling Of the ENIQ Methodology for Qualification of Non-Destructive Testing

The European methodology for qualification of non-destructive testing, produced by the European Network for Inspection and Qualification (ENIQ), has been adopted as the basis of inspection qualifications for nuclear utilities in many European countries. According to this methodology, the inspection qualification is based on a combination of technical justification (TJ) and practical trials. The methodology is qualitative in nature, and it does not give explicit guidance on how the evidence from the technical justification and results from trials should be weighted. Recently, we have proposed a quantified approach to combine evidence from technical justifications and practical trials. A Bayesian statistical framework for the quantification process was introduced, and some examples of possibilities to combine technical justification and trial results were given. The underlying idea was to improve transparency in the qualification process, whilst producing at the same time estimates of probability of detection that could for instance be used in structural reliability evaluation and Risk-Informed In-Service Inspection. In the present work, we attempt to give a more detailed description of the approach and some guidelines regarding how a user (utility, qualification body, etc.) could tackle the problem of quantifying the outcome of a qualification exercise in practical terms.JRC.F.4-Nuclear design safet

ENIQ Technical Report - Link Between Risk-Informed In-Service Inspection and Inspection Qualification

There is a growing need for a quantitative measure of inspection effectiveness as an input to quantitative risk-informed in-service inspection (RI-ISI). A Probability of Detection (POD) curve could provide a suitable metric. However there can be significant problems associated with generating realistic POD curves by practical trials. The ENIQ inspection qualification methodology can provide high assurance that an inspection system will achieve its objectives, but is not designed to provide a quantitative measure of the type that can be used in RI-ISI analysis. A project, led by Doosan Babcock, was therefore set up with main objectives to investigate approaches to quantifying the confidence associated with inspection qualification and to produce guidelines on how to relate inspection qualification results, risk reduction and inspection interval. This report discusses how a simplified POD curve, such as a step curve, could be used as the target for inspection qualification, or as an output from it. Work to investigate the sensitivity of relative risk reduction to the details of the POD curve is described from which it is concluded that use of a simplified POD curve could be justified. Two methods for quantifying the outcome from inspection qualification are described. The first method is a relatively simple process based on direct expert judgement. The second method is based on a more rigorous structured process employing Bayesian statistics, in which the subjective degree of belief in inspection capability derived from a Technical Justification (TJ) is expressed in probabilistic terms, and combined with data from practical trials results. Two pilot studies are described which involved a qualification body applying the quantification methods in practice. Recommendations for further work to make the approaches developed more robust are provided.JRC.F.5-Safety of present nuclear reactor

Formal Expert Judgement - An Overview

The scope of the document is to provide an overview on the formal process of expert judgement and it is targeted to readers that are not very familiar with the issue, but are interested to hvae a condensed summary on the topic. An emphasis is put on the use of formal expert judgement in the field of structural integrity, this being an area of interest in plant life management of ageing nuclear power installations. Moreover, the document can also be seen as a basis for developing an approach for formal expert judgement in other plant life management areas such as, for example, maintenance and in-service inspectionJRC.F.4-Nuclear design safet

Critical Infrastructures: Enhancing Preparedness & Resilience for the Security of Citizens and Services Supply Continuity: Proceedings of the 52nd ESReDA Seminar Hosted by the Lithuanian Energy Institute & Vytautas Magnus University

Critical Infrastructures Preparedness and Resilience is a major societal security issue in modern society. Critical Infrastructures (CIs) provide vital services to modern societies. Some CIs’ disruptions may endanger the security of the citizen, the safety of the strategic assets and even the governance continuity. The European Safety, Reliability and Data Association (ESReDA) as one of the most active EU networks in the field has initiated a project group on the “Critical Infrastructure/Modelling, Simulation and Analysis – Data”. The main focus of the project group is to report on the state of progress in MS&A of the CIs preparedness & resilience with a specific focus on the corresponding data availability and relevance. In order to report on the most recent developments in the field of the CIs preparedness & resilience MS&A and the availability of the relevant data, ESReDA held its 52nd Seminar on the following thematic: “Critical Infrastructures: Enhancing Preparedness & Resilience for the security of citizens and services supply continuity”. The 52nd ESReDA Seminar was a very successful event, which attracted about 50 participants from industry, authorities, operators, research centres, academia and consultancy companies.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH (BPBD) KOTA SEMARANG

Stres kerja adaIah kondisi emosi yang muncuI karena kesenjangan antara tingkatan permintaan dengan kemampuan mengatasi stres yang diterima dikarenakan tuntutan di tempat kerja. Setiap pekerjaan mempunyai potensi bahaya stres kerja termasuk bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri sipil Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pegawai negeri sipil BPBD Kota Semarang sebanyak 48 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Pengukuran stres kerja menggunakan kuesioner GHQ-12. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara masa kerja (p=0,015), kepribadian (p=0,008), peran individu dalam organisasi (p=0,041) dan hubungan dalam pekerjaan (p=0,034) dengan stres kerja, sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur (p=0,184), tuntutan tugas (p=0,109), pengembangan karir (p=0,073) dan struktur dan iklim organisasi (p=0,178) dengan stres kerja. Peneliti menyarankan agar memberikan sosialisasi kepada pegawai tentang resiko bahaya stres kerja dalam pekerjaan, sosialisasi kejelasan tanggung jawab, melakukan peregangan disaat bekerja, melakukan sharing terkait masalah pekerjaan dengan rekan kerja dan menyelenggarakan kegiatan rekreasi atau outbound disaat hari off untuk mengurangi masalah stres pegawai Kata Kunci: Stres Kerja, Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daera

ENIQ Recommended Practice - Guidance on Expert Panels in RI-ISI

The European Framework Document for Risk-Informed In-Service Inspection [1] is intended to provide general guidelines to utilities for both developing RI-ISI approaches and for using or adapting already established approaches to the European nuclear environment taking into account utility-specific characteristics and national regulatory requirements. The Framework Document recommends the use of an expert panel to review the selection of safety-significant sites before the inspection programme is finalised. However, more detailed guidance regarding the responsibilities, composition and working procedures of an expert panel is not provided. This ENIQ recommended practice is meant to assist a user involved in a RI-ISI application on how to form, prepare and facilitate an expert panel whose final goal is making decisions concerning the inclusion or exclusion of sites from the risk-informed inspection programme. A recommended practice is a document produced by ENIQ to support the higher level Framework Document. Users are free to use at national level these recommended practices, as they see fit. The main objectives of this recommended practice are to give guidance on: Composition of the expert panel; Responsibilities of the expert panel; Planning and preparation of the expert panel; Conduction of the expert panel; Documentation of the expert panel.JRC.F.4-Nuclear design safet

Advances in Reliability, Risk and Safety Analysis with Big Data: Proceedings of the 57th ESReDA Seminar: Hosted by the Technical University of Valencia, 23-24 October, 2019, Valencia, Spain

The publication presents 57th Seminar organized by ESReDA that took place at the Polytechnic University of Valencia/Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Spain. The Seminar was jointly organized by ESReDA and CMT Motores Termicos, a research unit at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. In accordance with the theme proposed for the Seminar, communications were presented that made it possible to discuss and better understand the role of the latest big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies in the development of reliability, risk and safety analyses for industrial systems. The world is moving fast towards wide applications of big data techniques and artificial intelligence is considered to be the future of our societies. Rapid development of 5G telecommunications infrastructure would only speed up deployment of big data analytic tools. However, despite the recent advances in the these fields, there is still a long way to go for integrated applications of big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence tools in business practice. We would like to express our gratitude to the authors and key note speakers in particular and to all those who shared with us these moments of discussion on subjects of great importance and topicality for the members of ESReDA. The editorial work for this volume was supported by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in the frame of JRC support to ESReDA activities.JRC.C.3-Energy Security, Distribution and Market

Critical Services continuity, Resilience and Security: Proceedings of the 56th ESReDA Seminar

Critical Infrastructures (CIs) remain among the most important and vital service providers to modern societies. Severe CIs’ disruptions may endanger security of the citizen, availability of strategic assets and even the governance stability. Not surprisingly, CIs are often targets of intentional attacks, either of physical or cyber nature. Newly emerging hybrid threats primarily target CIs as part of the warfare. ESReDA as one of the most active EU networks in the field has initiated a project group (CI-PR/MS&A-Data) on the “Critical Infrastructure/Modelling, Simulation and Analysis – Data”. The main focus of the project group is to report on the state of progress in MS&A of the CIs preparedness & resilience with a specific focus on the corresponding data availability and relevance. In order to report on the most recent developments in the field of the CIs preparedness & resilience MS&A and the availability of the relevant data, ESReDA held its 48th, 52nd and 56th Seminars. The 56th ESReDA Seminar on “Critical Services continuity, Resilience and Security” attracted about 30 participants from industry, authorities, operators, research centres and academia. The seminar programme consisted of 18 technical papers, two plenary speeches and an interactive session on Climate & CI protection.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet